Nuclear Physics: Personal Study Notes (Atomic, Molecular, And Nuclear Physics: Personal Study Notes Book 3)

This volume encompasses three chapters from my personal study notes which covers all courses and notes in my study of Nuclear Engineering, from high school throughout my post-doctorate associateship.TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 14: Artificial TransmutationVAN DE GRAAFF ELECTROSTATIC HIGH TENSION GENERATORCOCKCROFT AND WALTON TENSION MULTIPLIERRESONANCE ACCELERATOR—CYCLOTRONMORE POWERFUL PARTICLE-ACCELERATING MACHINESMETHOD OF SCINTILLATIONSMETHOD OF CHEMICAL SEPARATIONSMAGNETIC SPECTROGRAPH METHOD IONIZATION CHAMBER METHODCOUNTER METHOD1. THE GEIGER COUNTER2. THE SCINTILLATION COUNTER3. THE CRYSTAL COUNTERCLOUD CHAMBER METHODDiffusion cloud chamberPHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION METHOD(1) Bohr's theory of nuclear disintegration(2) General scheme of nuclear reactions(3) Complexity of nuclear reactions(4) Equations of transmutations(5) Nuclear cross-section (σ)1. Substitutional reactions2. Radiative capture reactions3. Resonance disintegrations4. Exchange reactions5. Photodisintegration6. Disintegration by electrons THE NEUTRON(i) Production of neutrons(ii) Detection of neutrons(iii) Distribution in speed of neutrons—fast and slow neutrons(iv) Transmutations produced by neutrons(v) The mass of the neutron(vi) Absorption of neutrons in matter(vii) Diffraction of neutrons(viii) Mean life of free neutrons(ix) Some practical applications of neutrons 2. ARTIFICIAL OR INDUCED RADIOACTIVITYK ELECTRON CAPTURENUCLEAR ISOMERISM 3. NUCLEAR FISSION(1) Means of inducing fission(2) Detection of fission(3) Fission products(4) Energy liberated in fission(5) Production of secondary neutrons in fission(6) Chain reaction(7) Transuranic elements THE REACTOR OR PILETHE ATOM BOMB(1) Source of stellar energy(2) The hydrogen bomb(3) The rigged H-bomb(4) Controlled thermonuclear reaction CHAPTER 15: Cosmic RaysA. The cosmic ray ionization chamberB. The coincidence countersC. The scintillation countersD. The counter controlled cloud chamberE. The photographic emulsion methodF. The bubble chamber method1. THE LATITUDE EFFECT3. THE AZIMUTH EFFECT—EAST-WEST ASYMMETRY4. THE NORTH-SOUTH EFFECT5. SEASONAL AND DIURNAL CHANGES IN COSMIC RAY INTENSITY6. THE ALTITUDE EFFECT7. THE ABSORPTION OF COSMIC RAYS IN MATTER8. MEASUREMENT OF THE ENERGY OF COSMIC RAYS9. THE POSITRONA. Materialization of radiant energyB. Emission of positrons by artificially produced radioelementsThe mass of the positronThe charge on the positronAbsorption of positrons in matterAnnihilation of matter10- THE MESOTRONMass of the mesonMean life of the mesonClassification of the fundamental particles11. COSMIC RAY SHOWERS12. HEAVY PARTICLE COMPONENTS OF COSMIC RADIATION13. NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF COSMIC RADIATION14. ORIGIN OF COSMIC RAYS CHAPTER 16: Structure and Properties of the Nucleus1. STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIA. Theories of nuclear composition(a) The proton-electron theory(b) The proton-neutron theory(c) The neutron-positron theory(d) The negative proton-neutron theoryB. Nuclear Models2. SIZE OF NUCLEIA. NUCLEAR METHODS(a) α-particle scattering(b) The scattering of protons(c) Neutron interactionB. ELECTRIC METHODS(a) Scattering of fast electrons by atomic nuclei(b) Mesic atoms(c) Isotope structure(d) Mirror nuclei 3. NUCLEAR MASS4. NUCLEAR CHARGE5. NUCLEAR QUANTUM STATES6. NUCLEAR STATISTICS7. NUCLEAR SPIN AND MAGNETIC MOMENT(i) ANALYSIS OF THE HYPERFINE STRUCTURE IN ATOMIC SPECTRANuclear electric quadrupole moments(a) Counting the number of hyperfine components(b) Measuring the relative separations of the members of a state cluster(c) Measuring the relative intensities of the components of the hyperfine pattern(d) Counting the number of hyperfine components in Zeeman effect (ii) METHOD OF ALTERNATING INTENSITIES IN BAND SPECTRA(iii) MAGNETIC DEFLECTION OF MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC BEAMS(iv) STUDY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRA(v) ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE SPECTRA BIBLIOGRAPH Read more